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ACRAWFORD
08-25-2004, 16:09
This article was written by a personal friend and fellow student, it is his wish that I share it with the members of the board and see what they think about it.

Seeing The Shadow Of Zanshin
By
Hank Ramirez
23 Aug04

Many of us have heard of the word Zanshin, or total (situational) awareness. The highest expression of Zanshin is summed up in the story of a veteran Samurai who had survived many battles. The story recounts that one day the Samurai was walking in his garden with his retainer. During their walk the retainer had the thought that he could kill his master. At that same moment the Samurai stiffened and began peering around in search of something or someone. Not long after that he withdrew from the garden and went into his house. After a time the retainer asked the Samurai why he had acted so strangely. The Samurai’s answer was that during his life he had become sensitive to the lethal intent of others when it was directed at him. This ability had helped him through the years to survive many battles. While in the garden he once again became aware of a lethal intent directed towards him. When he heard this the retainer confessed to his master and repented of the lethal thought.

While many of us aspire to gain such an ability, very few of us know of a practice that will bring us closer to attaining our goal. When we talk to Sempai or Sensei we are often encouraged to practice kata (of whatever variety). So we diligently practice and practice. In the practice we get very good at kata and we eventually come to have a situational awareness of what goes on around us. We come to find out that we can nearly constantly use our peripheral vision. We learn to read the body movements of those around us and come to have a pretty accurate understanding of their disposition. If we participate in kumite tournaments we may perfect our ability to predict a particular type of attack. Yet we are unable to touch the higher aspects of Zanshin that the veteran Samurai had at his disposal.

So I wondered at the more common traits of the masters of martial arts. Most specifically I wondered at the incongruities. The most obvious and prevalent incongruity is that of courtesy. I then wondered why the masters would put so much emphasis on courtesy? After all, the ones with the guns (swords, naginata, unarmed fighting ability) make the rules, right? So why wouldn’t they just swagger down the street after doing kata a hundred times and run roughshod over everyone that comes into their path and take what they want? I suspect the reason is because courtesy and etiquette are a kind of kata that brings us into the higher reaches of Zanshin.

What triggered me to all of this was a face-to-face conversation I had with a young man. It happened that we were at the Dojo and I was recounting a story of Musashi to him. As I was speaking he looked down the hallway and saw a young lady we both knew. Upon seeing her he turned and walked down the hallway towards her. I watched in dumfounded amazement as he walked away. “How Rude!” I thought, that he would walk away without excusing himself. He acted as if I didn’t exist. Then it hit me. In order to be courteous and exercise etiquette one must be aware of the people around you.

People have been known to be courteous and practice proper etiquette in the Dojo and at work while despising the one they are interacting with. This is an empty practice. It is empty because it has an outward form without a supporting inner structure. It is self-destructive because on the one hand part of our being is built up outwardly and at the same time the inner substance of our being is being corroded. Generally speaking, the person practicing such a manner of life is the equivalent of an empty egg. Coming into contact with anything harsh our thin outer shell of civility cracks and the corrosive poison that lurks within comes out. I must also point out that in the American culture there are those who are not trained in courtesy or etiquette. These are merely boorish and are to be considered kindly.

I believe that the story of the veteran Samurai and his retainer illustrate a key point. Namely, that we can all perceive the intent of others. This is corroborated because the masters also speak of “capturing the opponent’s” spirit. My thought is that if we can project our “spirit” to capture another’s spirit, we can perceive another’s intent toward us. The question lies in what medium we use to perceive the attack or intent.

Consider if you will, a pair of red-lensed glasses. They tint our perception of the world around us and they BLIND us to red light. In analogy this equates to our emotional state. If we are an angry person we project our anger onto everything in our field of vision, our family, our coworkers, our environment. Our anger blinds us to the anger of others that is directed toward us. This means we are unable to contrast what we project to what is directed at us. Often we see this expressed by people commenting on the faults of another. This is also coined in the phrase the first thing you recognize in others is yourself.

On the other hand, if we, like the masters, practice loving people; we project something that is quite different that is negatively directed towards us. So when someone hates us or wishes us harm we potentially have the ability to Zanshin not only by being aware of people’s posture and movements but also through the contrast of their unseen intent.

When we practice loving people through the practical demonstration of courtesy and etiquette somehow we lose the red colored glasses and perceive the world around us in its natural light. We even begin to perceive the true nature and substance of things. This happens because we tend to exist farther away from what I want for my pleasure and stand closer to the benefit of others. This means that I am in a position to be in harmony with my surroundings and the people within it. If I am “in harmony” (or another term could be “at peace”) then perceiving what is in contrast to peace is that much easier.

David Craik
08-25-2004, 18:43
That's an interesting essay, Andre. The samurai mentioned is none other than Yagyu Munenori, although the exact details of the story vary slightly depending on who's recounting the tale.

It's a common idea that the rei exibited in a traditional dojo is a martial ideal. However, during the era in which the koryu formed, all cultured people - and even to a degree, the less cultured ones - exibited (and still continue to exibit today) a higher standard of etiquette and politeness than what is normally encountered in the West. I'm of the opinion that this distinctively Japanese politeness is borne of the historical environment.

Japan was for centuries a communal rice-farming economy governed by Confucian ideals, which means constantly living and working in very close proximity to others. Without a system of expected behavior, it is very likely that animosity and friction would quickly build, damaging the productivity of the community as a whole. This high level of etiquette was and is evident everywhere - in language, in customs, in offices, temples, and homes - not just in the dojo. It isn't an exclusively 'martial arts thing'...it's a Japanese thing. So personally I don't feel that zanshin is a by-product of rei...because nearly all Japanese would have had it - including the retainer in the story.


People have been known to be courteous and practice proper etiquette in the Dojo and at work while despising the one they are interacting with. This is an empty practice.

It is interesting to note that the Bushido Shoshinsu, written 400-some-odd years ago for fledgling samurai, advises that one do this very thing. It was recognized that not everyone is going to like each other, and yet, in accordance with Confucian ideals you should be able to work with the person just the same to accomplish the goal at hand in a polite manner, then be able to separate and go back to the way you were before for the benefit of one's lord or han. Although it is true that real hatred was considered a sort of sickness.

I wonder sometimes if real zanshin, as exibited by the warriors of old, is even possible without facing death as they did on a continuing basis. I have known a number of frequent combat veterans who seemed to possess an extremely high state of situational awareness - and the 'remaining spirit' connoted by the term "zanshin" - and yet they never did any sort of martial art.

StanLee
08-26-2004, 02:36
I too believe that one way to achieve real zanshin is to put oneself in constantly facing and dealing with death.

I think O Sensei felt this too after his experiences in Mongolia. Jobs like police would also give good zanshin I think.

But shouldn't we ask ourselves the question that, is it possible to take the concept of zanshin too far? Will we become paranoid in attempting to achieve a constant state of zanshin?

I find that when I walk around London, if I try to keep "zanshin", I feel myself being inwardly aggressive. This I feel expresses outwardly as either subtle facial and body expressions, or just that feeling others can pick up on.

However, I have also tried to walk around with an "inner smile". This I find to be more pleasent, manageable and less of a task for my brain. I think others pick up on this too (not to mention the vast amount of lovely ladies, who smile back!).

But with the latter method, I find I am "too" nice and not aware enough (most probably because of the vast amount of lovely ladies).

This is something I am experimenting with. But I feel that to get that hard edged zanshin, I have to constantly put myself in "dangerous" situations so as to familarise myself with the large amount of people with their emotions, intentions and behaviours.

If it is not possible to put oneself in constant danger, how about seclude oneself away from civilisation? Would that have the same effect?

Just some of my early morning ramblings.

riku
08-26-2004, 06:25
Very interesting.. I've heard that story before, but didn't know to whom it was referred..

To connection between zanshin and near-death situations I can't say anything: haven't personally face such a situation(s) - at least, not by my knowledge :D - and haven't either heard people talk about such a thing.. It must be very deeply influential experience to whole life..

Etiquette, courtesy, that's one side of taking account of other people - the other side is the awarness, sense of (possible) danger.. Perhaps balancing these two elements helps not getting too paranoid or too reckless/careless, hmm?

How about zanshin and threats that are not caused by other people, but more like dangers of enviroment (nature, machinery, stuff like that)? I mean, the courtesy thing doesn't really work there, does it? Is general preparation connected to awarness, are those -again- different aspects of same phenomenon? I recall vaguelly another story, about teacher whose sandal strap snapped broke, and right away, before teacher even staggered, his student gave own sandal to him.. anyone remember better, tell better?

With respect,
Riku Ylönen

riku
08-30-2004, 07:05
A something more... is it posssibly - in your opinion - to seek for zanshin, or does that kind of pursue become a obstacle itself? Is it something that you are gained - if lucky/trained hard/faced certain events - or is it indicator of succesfull concentration?

With respect,
Riku Ylönen

Mekugi
08-30-2004, 08:19
I'm not sure the above story expresses zanshin as I understand it. Now I am not saying that I am correct, or that the above is wrong; what I am saying is that my understanding differs. Of course, talk to me tomorrow about it and I'll have a completely different notion.

Zanshin would seem to apply to combat within the realm of the melee itself. For instance allow me to use the example of a swordsman making a cut. The swordsman, already well within the realm of combat, would make the cut and stay focused on where he would cut afterwards, just as much as he did before. It is an extension of the "concentration" and similarily, a state of mind. However, it does not mean kankaku or "sense" of the attack before it happens.

-Russ

riku
08-30-2004, 08:26
-- it does not mean kankaku or "sense" of the attack before it happens.

-Russ
Do you consider that 'sensing' attack before would mean also that one is not concentrated/focused on the moment, but seeking/aiming the future?

With respect,
Riku Ylönen

Mekugi
08-30-2004, 12:47
Well, I kicked this around tonight. I asked my wife, who is good at words and meanings, to tell me what she thought and I talked about it at my dojo for SMR tonight. It was agreed upon that zanshin, as we understand/understood it, is intent after and during (in a sense) the melee or combat. That means that you don't care about the birds twittering away lovely in the trees while you are going to cut someone down, during the cutting or immediately afterwards.

Then I threw some other thoughts out there regarding action without thinking, such as "Munen" and "Muso". These don't really fit here because it wasn't a reaction to action, but almost a "pre-cognition". There was a preconceived notion in the mind of the fleeing swordsman when they "felt" threatened. So, I found myself between a rock and a hard place, one involving reaction as the conflict would unfold, the other been keen concentration within the heat of combat itself.

So, it would seem that this type of situation is esoteric and had no easy definition.

That being said, I consider sensing an attack before it happens a result of a person truly being aware in the moment; a type of piecing together of what is happening in the "now". Not in the clairvoyant sense, as reading the mind of another person, but perhaps sensing a change in stride, noticing that a breathing pattern has quickened, perhaps a glance to the eyes and noticing that they are now dilating and the face is flushing red. So, I guess it's a type of thing that could be accomplished and related to in the practice of zazen, but I am not so sure it is zanshin as I understand it. Having any preconceived notion flies in the face of the "emptied mind" and sounds as though the person is focusing on the future and how it might unfold, instead of remaining steely and calm to wait and see. So, this totally throws munen and muso to the wind.

In a manner of speaking, I simply don't have an answer that I can fully confide in yet, or I am truly willing to invest my ideas to、hence my speculation to fortify my position to begin with. It’s something I will surely explore a little more though!



Do you consider that 'sensing' attack before would mean also that one is not concentrated/focused on the moment, but seeking/aiming the future?

With respect,
Riku Ylönen

riku
09-02-2004, 12:13
Just thinking.. if we take that zanshin is total awarness of certain situation, could it be that life-threatening situation can awake this awarness? And perhaps lesson learnt in such a situations stays well in mind.. But it might not be the only way to learn - meditation, MA exercises, arts, any activity that can be executed full-hearted, with total commitment could lead to same, perhaps? Taking metaphor: it's like learning to swim.. on life-or-death -cases one is thrown to water, right away to deep end.. on meditation one slowly walks to water, learn bit by bit.. Both have benefits and losses: while dropped into deep end, one may drown; walking slowly one may think that swimming is same than soaking ankles in water :D :D

With respect,
Riku Ylönen

Mekugi
09-04-2004, 03:10
I'm not so sure zanshin is "total awareness" . Literally, this word means "remaining mind or spirit" so in it's context, zanshin is afterwards and not before.

That's my problem, in a nutshell right there. Context. The story sounds like and odd case of "sen no sen", without one of the sen.


Just thinking.. if we take that zanshin is total awarness of certain situation, could it be that life-threatening situation can awake this awarness? And perhaps lesson learnt in such a situations stays well in mind.. But it might not be the only way to learn - meditation, MA exercises, arts, any activity that can be executed full-hearted, with total commitment could lead to same, perhaps? Taking metaphor: it's like learning to swim.. on life-or-death -cases one is thrown to water, right away to deep end.. on meditation one slowly walks to water, learn bit by bit.. Both have benefits and losses: while dropped into deep end, one may drown; walking slowly one may think that swimming is same than soaking ankles in water :D :D

With respect,
Riku Ylönen

riku
09-04-2004, 08:33
Ok., I think now I got the point - been bit slow, I notice :D .. the term may have weaken: that meaning you described wasn't so familiar for me previously - thanks (again) for possibility to learn :) .

With respect,
Riku Ylönen